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Out of the Mouths of Babes

Infant Voices in Medieval French Literature

A wide-ranging study of the rich questions raised by speaking infants in medieval French literature.
 
Medieval literature is full of strange moments when infants (even fetuses) speak. In Out of the Mouths of Babes, Julie Singer explores the unsettling questions raised by these events, including What is a person? Is speech fundamental to our humanity? And what does it mean, or what does it matter, to speak truth to power?

Singer contends that descriptions of baby talk in medieval French literature are far from trivial. Through treatises, manuals, poetry, and devotional texts, Singer charts how writers imagined infants to speak with an authority untainted by human experience. What their children say, then, offers unique insight into medieval hopes for universal answers to life’s deepest wonderings.

328 pages | 7 halftones | 5 1/2 x 8 1/2 | © 2025

Medieval Studies

Reviews

“Writing with verve and crystal-clear prose, Singer explores how literary representations of infancy may articulate concerns central to medieval understandings of voice, speech, and song; of the family and social relations; of law and justice; of disability, family, and care. Often surprising, always compelling, Out of the Mouths of Babes is both theoretically rich and a joy to read."

Peggy McCracken, University of Michigan

“Meticulously researched and impressive in scope, Out of the Mouths of Babes investigates not only the place of childhood in medieval culture but also thornier, contemporary questions surrounding the beginnings of life, subjectivity, and personhood made more vibrant by Singer’s careful exploration of their medieval stagings. Her work reshapes our understanding of infancy and childhood—even embryology—in the medieval period and helps us better understand what it means to be a person, in any age.”

Megan Moore, University of Missouri

“In this remarkable book, Singer shows how much infants, despite being defined as speechless, have to say about some of the most towering and complex intellectual problems facing medieval, and modern, society. Theoretically daring, cleverly structured, and engagingly written, Out of the Mouths of Babes teases out the surprising importance of an effectively ignored subject, and it does so with a unique combination of rigor, expertise, and creativity.”

Charlie Samuelson, University of Colorado Boulder

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations

Introduction: The Universal Alterity of the Infant
Chapter One: Voices from the Womb
Chapter Two: Signs of Life
Chapter Three: Nurture, the Domestic, and the Foreign
Chapter Four: Interrogating Innocence
Chapter Five: Mute Children in the Time of Miracle
Conclusion: Knowing Infancy

Acknowledgments
Notes
Index

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