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Rejecting Reality

Conspiracy Theories from an Era of Suspicion

Both an examination of the social cost of distrust and a celebration of critical thinking, a deep dive into the origins and development of four contemporary conspiracy theories.

Conspiracy theories have long shaped public debate, but how do they originate and why do they persist? Rejecting Reality traces the origins and evolution of four of the most influential conspiracy theories of recent decades: antivaccination movements, QAnon, UFOs, and claims surrounding COVID-19. Through concise historical case studies, the book shows how these ideas emerged, adapted, and spread, often drawing from questionable assumptions that governments and institutions are engaged in deception. Ronald H. Fritze examines the appeal of such narratives while assessing their credibility and consequences and how they promote skepticism, distrust, and division in general society. Clear-eyed and engaging, Rejecting Reality encourages readers to apply the same critical scrutiny to conspiracy theories that they apply to official claims, highlighting the importance of evidence in public life.


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Reviews

“As Fritze reveals in his gripping account of conspiracies, conspiracy theories, and conspiracists, the belief that someone or some group somewhere out there is planning to gain an illegal or immoral advantage over others is remarkably common, highly influential, and often history making. Rejecting Reality belongs on the bookshelf of all thinking people.”

Michael Shermer, publisher of Skeptic magazine and author of "Conspiracy: Why the Rational Believe the Irrational"

"Fritze does something more useful than simply dismiss conspiracy theories: he puts them in historical context. Rejecting Reality shows how suspicion can harden into belief, how belief can become resistant to evidence, and how distrust can spread through a society. Clear, engaging, and deeply researched, this is a timely argument for skepticism without cynicism—and for the critical thinking and intellectual honesty a healthy public life requires."

Prentice T. Chandler, University of Tennessee Southern

“At a time when the boundary between evidence and fantasy often seems perilously thin, Fritze offers a masterful history of both real conspiracies and conspiracy thinking, rich in historical detail and attuned to contemporary concerns. Essential reading before your next trip down the rabbit hole.”

David Cernín, University of Ostrava, Czechia, coeditor of "The Bloomsbury Handbook of the Philosophy of the Historical Sciences and Big History"

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