The untold story of how a nineteenth-century medical controversy laid the groundwork for modern neuroscience and the science of the mind.

Elfed Huw Price studies the radical history behind the idea that thought and consciousness are rooted in the brain, tracing its emergence in early nineteenth-century Britain. Centered on the controversy surrounding Lawrence’s Lectures on Physiology, Zoology, and the Natural History of Man, this book reveals how his arguments on the sentient brain challenged both medical tradition and religious orthodoxy, provoking backlash from the establishment.

Drawing on archival sources including unpublished material from Bethlem Hospital, Price situates Lawrence’s work within the rise of Christian mortalist thought and the broader shift toward Victorian naturalism. Despite Lawrence’s silencing, his ideas endured, shaping a transformation that redefined human exceptionality through biology rather than theology.

Bridging science, medicine, philosophy, and religion, William Lawrence and the Organ of Mind illuminates a pivotal yet overlooked moment in the history of mind and brain studies, offering fresh insights into the intellectual struggles that helped reshape modern thought.